2024.02.15
If you’ve ever been curious about how researchers go about studying executive coaching, there is a systematic review paper (Athanasopoulou & Dopson, 2018)1 that is nontechnical and a fairly straightforward read (and it’s ungated). It presents an analysis of all the peer-reviewed research papers on the outcomes related to executive coaching as well as implications for practitioners.
Here’s what Burnout Proof thinks is relevant for the coach practitioner to know about research on executive coaching.
This analysis focuses on executive coaching provided by a coach that is external to the organization, typically sponsored by the organization and in collaboration with the organization.
The working definition of executive coaching used in the paper is “targeted, purposeful intervention that helps executives develop and maintain positive change in their personal development and leadership behavior” and excludes other practices such as mentoring.
Outcomes as a result of coaching are the key topic for this particular systematic review. The researchers identified 110 peer-reviewed papers that studied outcomes from executive coaching. For a secondary analysis, the researchers excluded coach-authored papers and a few others, resulting in a subset of 84 papers.
The paper’s two main research questions are:
The 110 studies included a variety of research methodologies, coaching approaches/frameworks, and stakeholders.
Research methodologies span the spectrum and include case studies (individual), case studies (organization), surveys/quantitative data, qualitative interviews, mixed methods, experimental/quasi-experimental/RCT, meta-analysis or systematic reviews of empirical studies, and ROI studies.
Coaching approaches/frameworks were divided into seven categories:
Additionally, 71 studies didn’t specify what approach was used or the coaching approach wasn’t a part of the study design.
Studies also varied in their stakeholder focus. Categories include a focus on the coachee, coach, sponsoring organization, coach and coachee interaction, coachee and sponsoring organization, coach and sponsoring organization, all three stakeholders (coach, coachee, organization), or focused on the coaching intervention as a process.
9 categories of positive outcomes from coaching were identified:
See Table 3 in the paper for a detailed list of factors that affect coaching outcomes and what works according to the published research.
The paper also lays out some implications for coaches to keep in mind.
1Research Citation: Athanasopoulou, A., & Dopson, S. (2018). A systematic review of executive coaching outcomes: Is it the journey or the destination that matters the most? Leadership Quarterly, 29, 70-88
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